Search results for "Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate"

showing 10 items of 14 documents

NOX2ko Mice Show Largely Increased Expression of a Mutated NOX2 mRNA Encoding an Inactive NOX2 Protein

2020

Background: The superoxide-generating enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX2 or gp91phox, the phagocytic isoform) was reported as a major source of oxidative stress in various human diseases. Genetic deletion is widely used to study the impact of NOX2-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) on disease development and progression in various animal models. Here, we investigate why NOX2 knockout mice show no NOX2 activity but express NOX2 mRNA and protein. Methods and Results: Oxidative burst (NOX2-dependent formation of ROS) was measured by L-012-based chemiluminescence and was largely absent in whole blood of NOX2 knockout mice. Protein expression was still de…

0301 basic medicineGene isoformPhysiologyClinical Biochemistrynext generation sequencing (NGS)030204 cardiovascular system & hematologymedicine.disease_causeBiochemistryArticlenicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX2) knockout mice03 medical and health scienceschemistry.chemical_compound0302 clinical medicineWestern blotmedicineMolecular BiologyGeneMessenger RNAmedicine.diagnostic_testurogenital systemCell BiologyMolecular biologyRespiratory burst030104 developmental biologychemistryKnockout mousecardiovascular systemoxidative stress related diseasetruncated and inactive mutanthormones hormone substitutes and hormone antagonistsOxidative stressNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphatecirculatory and respiratory physiologyAntioxidants
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2020

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is the connective tissue surrounding most of the systemic blood vessels. PVAT is now recognized as an important endocrine tissue that maintains vascular homeostasis. Healthy PVAT has anticontractile, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative roles. Vascular oxidative stress is an important pathophysiological event in cardiometabolic complications of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. Accumulating data from both humans and experimental animal models suggests that PVAT dysfunction is potentially linked to cardiovascular diseases, and associated with augmented vascular inflammation, oxidative stress, and arterial remodeling. Reactive oxygen species produc…

0301 basic medicinePhysiologyClinical BiochemistryAdipose tissueAdipokineConnective tissue030204 cardiovascular system & hematologyPharmacologyMitochondrionmedicine.disease_causeBiochemistry03 medical and health scienceschemistry.chemical_compound0302 clinical medicinemedicineMolecular Biologychemistry.chemical_classificationReactive oxygen speciesbiologySirtuin 1business.industryCell Biology030104 developmental biologymedicine.anatomical_structurechemistrybiology.proteinbusinessOxidative stressNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphateAntioxidants
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Roles of Vascular Oxidative Stress and Nitric Oxide in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis.

2017

Major reactive oxygen species (ROS)–producing systems in vascular wall include NADPH (reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase, xanthine oxidase, the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase. ROS at moderate concentrations have important signaling roles under physiological conditions. Excessive or sustained ROS production, however, when exceeding the available antioxidant defense systems, leads to oxidative stress. Animal studies have provided compelling evidence demonstrating the roles of vascular oxidative stress and NO in atherosclerosis. All established cardiovascular risk factors such as hypercholesterolemi…

0301 basic medicinemedicine.medical_specialtyNitric Oxide Synthase Type IIIPhysiologyOxidative phosphorylationBiologymedicine.disease_causeNitric OxideNitric oxide03 medical and health scienceschemistry.chemical_compoundSpecies SpecificityInternal medicinemedicineAnimalsHumansXanthine oxidasechemistry.chemical_classificationReactive oxygen speciesNitric Oxide Synthase Type IIIAtherosclerosisEndothelial stem cellOxidative Stress030104 developmental biologyEndocrinologychemistryEndothelium VascularCardiology and Cardiovascular MedicineReactive Oxygen SpeciesOxidative stressNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphateCirculation research
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Polyoxypregnanes as safe, potent, and specific ABCB1-inhibitory pro-drugs to overcome multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo

2021

Multidrug resistance (MDR) mediated by ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) is significantly hindering effective cancer chemotherapy. However, currently, no ABCB1-inhibitory drugs have been approved to treat MDR cancer clinically, mainly due to the inhibitor specificity, toxicity, and drug interactions. Here, we reported that three polyoxypregnanes (POPs) as the most abundant constituents of Marsdenia tenacissima (M. tenacissima) were novel ABCB1-modulatory pro-drugs, which underwent intestinal microbiota-mediated biotransformation in vivo to generate active metabolites. The metabolites at non-toxic concentrations restored chemosensitivity in ABCB1-overexpressing cancer cells v…

ABCC1 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1IC50 half maximal inhibitory concentrationMultidrug resistancePharmacologyNADPH reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphateF bioavailabilitychemistry.chemical_compoundPCR polymerase chain reaction0302 clinical medicineMDR multidrug resistanceECL electrochemiluminescencet1/2 elimination half-lifeLC–MS liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometryN.D. not detectedGeneral Pharmacology Toxicology and PharmaceuticsBBB blood–brain barriermedia_commonATF3 activating transcription factor 30303 health sciencesChemistryABC ATP-binding cassetteNMPA National Medical Products AdministrationPXR pregnane X receptorSDS-PAGE sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresisHBSS Hankʹs balanced salt solutionABCB1Combination chemotherapyProdrugMarsdenia tenacissimaCmax peak concentrationPaclitaxelGAPDH glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase030220 oncology & carcinogenesisBHI brain heart infusionOriginal ArticleAUC0–∞ area under plasma concentration vs. time curveMRT mean residence timeDrugmedia_common.quotation_subjectRM1-950Vd volume of distributionABCB1 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1UIC-2 mouse monoclonal ABCB1 antibodyABCG2 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2Combination chemotherapyCYP cytochrome P450 isozymePI propidium iodideTEER transepithelial electrical resistance03 medical and health sciencesPBS phosphate buffer salineFBS fetal bovine serumDox doxorubicinIn vivoPOP polyoxypregnanemedicine030304 developmental biologyEVOM epithelial tissue voltohmmeterTmax time for peak concentrationCancerLBE lowest binding energyPE phycoerythrinmedicine.diseaseMultiple drug resistancePolyoxypregnanePapp apparent permeabilityN.A. not applicableCancer cellH&E hematoxylin and eosinMDR1a multidrug resistance protein 1aTherapeutics. PharmacologyqPCR quantitative PCRM. tenacissima Marsdenia tenacissimaCL clearanceSD standard derivationActa Pharmaceutica Sinica B
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Influence of Dimerization of Apocynin on Its Effects in Experimental Colitis

2017

Apocynin has been widely used as an inhibitor of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH-oxidase) system and shows promise as an anti-inflammatory drug. Diapocynin, the dimeric product generated by the oxidation of apocynin in the presence of myeloperoxidase (MPO), is supposed to be its active form. In this study, diapocynin has been chemically synthesized and its activity on several inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and its anti-inflammatory effect on ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in mice analyzed. We found that diapocynin showed higher inhibitory activity than apocynin. The dimer reduced ROS production, TNF-α…

Male0301 basic medicineDimerInterleukin-1betaPharmacologyInhibitory postsynaptic potentialMice03 medical and health scienceschemistry.chemical_compoundIn vivoAnimalsHumansMice Inbred BALB COxidase testMolecular StructurebiologyInterleukin-6Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphaMacrophagesBiphenyl CompoundsNF-kappa BAcetophenonesGeneral ChemistryColitis030104 developmental biologychemistryDiapocyninBiochemistryCyclooxygenase 2MyeloperoxidaseApocyninbiology.proteinGeneral Agricultural and Biological SciencesDimerizationNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphateJournal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
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Reversal of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Uncoupling and Up-Regulation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression Lowers Blood Pressure in H…

2006

Objectives We sought to examine the hypothesis that a pharmacologic up-regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) combined with a reversal of eNOS uncoupling provides a protective effect against cardiovascular disease. Background Many cardiovascular diseases are associated with oxidant stress involving protein kinase C (PKC) and uncoupling of eNOS. Methods Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression was analyzed with RNase protection assay or quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, vascular nitric oxide (NO) with spin trapping, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) with dihydroethidium fluorescence. Results Aortas of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) showed an elevate…

Malemedicine.medical_specialtyEndotheliumRats Inbred WKYNitric oxidechemistry.chemical_compoundEnosInternal medicineRats Inbred SHRMedicineAnimalsMidostaurinEnzyme InhibitorsProtein Kinase Cbiologybusiness.industryNOX4biology.organism_classificationStaurosporineRatsUp-RegulationNitric oxide synthaseEndocrinologymedicine.anatomical_structurechemistryHypertensionbiology.proteincardiovascular systemP22phoxEndothelium VascularNitric Oxide SynthasebusinessCardiology and Cardiovascular MedicineNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphateJournal of the American College of Cardiology
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The Oxidative Stress Concept of Nitrate Tolerance and the Antioxidant Properties of Hydralazine

2005

The hemodynamic and anti-ischemic effects of nitroglycerin (NTG) are rapidly blunted as a result of the development of nitrate tolerance. With initiation of NTG therapy, it is possible to detect neurohormonal activation and intravascular volume expansion. These so-called pseudotolerance mechanisms may compromise the vasodilatory effects of NTG. Long-term nitrate treatment also is associated with decreased vascular responsiveness caused by changes in intrinsic mechanisms of the tolerant vasculature itself. According to the oxidative stress concept, increased vascular superoxide (O 2 − ) production and an increased sensitivity to vasoconstrictors secondary to activation of protein kinase C co…

Malemedicine.medical_specialtyMaximum Tolerated Dosegenetic structuresDrug ResistanceMyocardial IschemiaPharmacologyCoronary Angiographymedicine.disease_causeSeverity of Illness IndexDrug Administration ScheduleNitric oxideNitroglycerinchemistry.chemical_compoundInternal medicinemedicineAnimalsHumansDrug Interactionschemistry.chemical_classificationClinical Trials as TopicReactive oxygen speciesDose-Response Relationship Drugbusiness.industryHydralazineHydralazineLong-Term Careeye diseasesDisease Models AnimalOxidative StresschemistryHeart Function TestsExercise TestCardiologyFemaleVascular ResistanceEndothelium Vascularsense organsSodium nitroprussideCardiology and Cardiovascular MedicineSoluble guanylyl cyclasebusinessNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphatePeroxynitriteOxidative stressmedicine.drugThe American Journal of Cardiology
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Redox signaling in acute pancreatitis

2015

Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory process of the pancreatic gland that eventually may lead to a severe systemic inflammatory response. A key event in pancreatic damage is the intracellular activation of NF-κB and zymogens, involving also calcium, cathepsins, pH disorders, autophagy, and cell death, particularly necrosis. This review focuses on the new role of redox signaling in acute pancreatitis. Oxidative stress and redox status are involved in the onset of acute pancreatitis and also in the development of the systemic inflammatory response, being glutathione depletion, xanthine oxidase activation, and thiol oxidation in proteins critical features of the disease in the pancreas. On th…

NecrosisGSH reduced glutathioneSTAT3 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3ERK extracellular signal-regulated kinasesClinical BiochemistryCCK cholecystokininTRAFs TNF receptor associated factorsReview ArticleIκB kinasePharmacologymedicine.disease_causeBiochemistrySHP small heterodimer partnerSTIM1 stromal interaction molecule 1chemistry.chemical_compoundHATs histone acetyltransferasesMedicineASK1GCL glutamate cysteine ligaseTNF-α tumor necrosis factor alphaIKK IκB kinaseNOS nitric oxide synthaseAcute inflammationHIF hypoxia inducible factorlcsh:QH301-705.5NF-κB nuclear factor kappa BDAMPs damage-associated molecular pattern moleculeslcsh:R5-920biologyGSSG oxidized glutathioneNF-kappa BNLRs nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) like receptorsTRADD tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain proteinTRPC3 transient receptor potential channel 3VEGF vascular endothelial growth factorGlutathioneTNFR tumor necrosis factor receptorHMGB1 high-mobility group Box 1 proteinIP3R inositol 145-trisphosphate receptor type 3VCAM-1 Vascular Cell adhesion protein 1Acute DiseaseJNK c-Jun N-terminal kinaseAcute pancreatitisTLRs toll-like receptorsmedicine.symptomlcsh:Medicine (General)Oxidation-ReductionAP-1 activator protein-1Signal TransductionmRNA messenger ribonucleic acidHMGB1ASC apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a carboxy-terminal CARDRNS reactive nitrogen speciesPTPs protein tyrosine phosphatasesROS reactive oxygen speciesNADH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotidepHe extracellular pHFAEE fatty acid ethyl estersAP acute pancreatitisHumansXanthine oxidaseCBP CREB-binding proteinRyR endoplasmic reticulum membrane ryanodine receptorsMDA malondialdehydeNO nitric oxideXO xanthine oxidaseASK1 apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1business.industryOrganic ChemistryAutophagyNADPH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphateHDACs histone deacetylasesmedicine.diseaseCARS compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndromeXDH xanthine dehydrogenaseIL interleukinIκB inhibitor of kappa BAcute pancreatitisETC Electron transport chainPancreatitisMKPs MAPK phosphatasesSAP severe acute pancreatitischemistrylcsh:Biology (General)DTT dithiothreitolOxidative stressNAC N-acetyl cysteineImmunologybiology.proteinCalciumLysosomesReactive Oxygen SpeciesbusinessMAPK mitogen-activated protein kinaseOxidative stressERCP endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographyRedox Biology
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Therapeutic effect of enhancing endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and preventing eNOS uncoupling

2011

Nitric oxide (NO) produced by the endothelium is an important protective molecule in the vasculature. It is generated by the enzyme endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). Similar to all NOS isoforms, functional eNOS transfers electrons from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), via the flavins flavin adenine dinucleotide and flavin mononucleotide in the carboxy-terminal reductase domain, to the heme in the amino-terminal oxygenase domain. Here, the substrate L-arginine is oxidized to L-citrulline and NO. Cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia or cigarette smoking reduce bioactive NO. These risk factors lead to an enhanced productio…

PharmacologyFlavin adenine dinucleotideNADPH oxidasebiologyNitric Oxide Synthase Type IIIbiology.organism_classificationCofactorNitric oxidechemistry.chemical_compoundBiochemistrychemistryEnosbiology.proteinPeroxynitriteNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphateBritish Journal of Pharmacology
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Regulation of NADPH oxidase-mediated superoxide production by acetylation and deacetylation

2021

Oral treatment of apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE-KO) mice with the putative sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activator resveratrol led to a reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity in the heart. In contrast, the SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 enhanced the superoxide production in isolated human polymorphonuclear granulocytes. In human monocytic THP-1 cells, phorbol ester-stimulated superoxide production was enhanced by inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs; including quisinostat, trichostatin A (TSA), PCI34051, and tubastatin A) and decreased by inhibitors of histone acetyltransferases [such as garcinol, curcumin, and histone acetyltransferase (HAT) Inhibitor II]. Thes…

Physiologyresveratrolsirtuin 1histone acetyltransferaseSirtuinechemistry.chemical_compoundHistone deacetylasesSirtuin 1Physiology (medical)NADPH-OxidasemedicineQP1-981ddc:610Original ResearchacetylationAcetyltransferasenNADPH oxidasebiologyNADPH oxidaseSirtuin 1SuperoxideAcetylationHistone acetyltransferaseTrichostatin AchemistryBiochemistryHistone acetyltransferasesAcetylationResveratrolNADPH oxidaseshistone deacetylasebiology.proteinHistone deacetylaseDDC 610 / Medicine & healthNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphateRac1medicine.drug
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